When a king is threatened with capture (but can protect himself or escape), it´s called check. With the exception of the knight, a piece may not move over or through any of the other pieces.
A piece may be moved to another position or may capture an opponent´s piece, replacing on its square (en passant being the only exception).
Each type of piece has its own method of movement. If a player´s turn is to move, he is not in check but has no legal moves, this situation is called “Stalemate” and it ends the game in a draw. White is always first to move and players take turns alternately moving one piece at a time. The term checkmate is an alteration of the Persian phrase “Shah Mat”, meaning literally, “the King is ambushed”, and not “the King is dead”, that is a common misconception. The ultimate aim in the chess game is delivering a checkmate – trapping your opponent´s king. The game has changed only slightly since then with the advent of the queen in the 15th century and some minor movement adjustments in the 1800s. Chess is believed to have been invented 1500 years ago in India.
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